This murder mystery roleplay or collaborative writing activity is an open-ended discussion activity aimed at providing an engaging platform for students to collaborate, practice crime vocabulary and express their creativity.
The pack includes:
a background story
roles for students
teacher instructions for two different options on conducting the activity
This immersive discussion activity helps students develop:
critical thinking skills: students are presented with a complex problem that requires them to think critically, analyze evidence, and make logical deductions
communication skills: students engage in discussions, share theories, and collaborate with their peers, enhancing their communication and interpersonal skills
creativity: the activity encourages creative thinking as students try to piece together the story and generate hypotheses about what happened
problem-solving skills: students must work collaboratively to solve the mystery, fostering problem-solving skills as they try to identify the perpetrator
The resource pack offers two options for conducting this activity:
Option 1 is a collaborative writing activity. Students write a crime story based on the information given about the background story, characters and clues. This highly motivating activity enables students to work together to create a well-crafted piece of writing.
Option 2 is a roleplay activity. Students take on the roles of the characters in the murder mystery story. The student who is assigned the role of a detective questions other students and attempts to discover the killer.
This activity is a part of my large crime resource pack that offers various activities on the topic of crime (including vocabulary, discussion, reading comprehension and extended reading activities).
You might also be interested in this [crime vocabulary presentation]https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/crime-vocabulary-presentation-12913015).
Or, get it all at a lower price here!
This hexagonal thinking activity will help your students engage in meaningful discussions and think deeply about health and fitness.
Hexagonal thinking is a strategy that helps students understand how different concepts are connected to each other.
It helps students think critically and analyze different aspects of a certain phenomenon or situation.
It can be used in a variety of different subjects to consolidate learning, foster higher level thinking skills and even assess what they have learned.
The resource includes:
hexagon cut-outs with terms related to health and fitness
instructions
reflection worksheets
arrow cut-outs for indicating important relationship between terms
free templates for other hexagonal thinking activities
This is an open-ended activity. There are no right or wrong answers. The students can come up with any arrangement of hexagons that makes sense to them, as long as they are able to explain their thinking and justify their choices by making logical and meaningful connections.
Instructions
Print out as many copies of the hexagonal thinking activity sheets as you need (students can work individually, in pairs or in groups)
Cut out the hexagons
Explain to the students that they need to arrange the hexagons in a meaningful manner to show the connections between the terms
Showcase some examples of finished hexagon networks to demonstrate what the final product should look like; there are no right or wrong answers, but the connections need to be meaningful and logical
Explain to the students that they need to choose three or six (as many as you want) connections which they will explain in more detail
Hand out the hexagons, arrows and explanation sheets
Monitor as your engaged students lead meaningful discussions, make connections and explain their thinking
After they’re finished, you can ask members of each group to present one or two of the connections they chose to explain in more detail
As an extension activity, you can ask students to engage in a class-wide discussion about the issue
Do you teach upper intermediate or advanced ESL students who need help with more precise, high-level words for describing personality traits?
Look no further, this bundle has everything you need in a clear, easy-to-understand format.
The bundle consists of a presentation and the accompanying worksheet set.
The presentation contains 24 slides with more than 30 advanced adjectives for describing personality traits.
The slides provide:
the keyword
a clear, easy-to-understand definition of the adjective
two example sentences
In addition to slides that define the terms, there are also special slides that focus on common mistakes, related words, synonyms or antonyms.
The worksheet pack includes:
2 sets of worksheets /a beautiful colorful one and a practical, printer-friendly black-and-white one/
the answer key
Adjectives included in the bundle:
orderly, meticulous, conscientious, dependable, sensible, detached, considerate, determined, steadfast, empathetic, sympathetic, compassionate, observant, reticent, gregarious, ingenious, straightforward, tactful, versatile, assertive, resourceful, matter-of-fact, down-to-earth (+sociable, outgoing, extroverted, genial, affable, withdrawn, reserved, introverted, bashful, timid, sensitive, dedicated, committed, resolute)
These resources go great with my bundle for describing appearance!
You can check out all my ESL resources here.
If you like this product, please leave a review and follow my store.
This hexagonal thinking activity will help your students engage in meaningful discussions and think deeply about the events, themes and motifs of Orwell’s Animal Farm.
Through this activity, students will make connections between themes such as oppression, language and power, propaganda, revolution and totalitarianism. They will gain a better understanding of the book and analyze the relationships between different aspects of society Orwell portrayed.
Hexagonal thinking is a strategy that helps students understand how different concepts are connected to each other.
It helps students think critically and analyze different aspects of a certain phenomenon or situation.
It can be used in a variety of different subjects to consolidate learning, foster higher level thinking skills and even assess what they have learned.
The resource includes:
hexagon cut-outs with terms from the book
instructions
reflection worksheets
arrow cut-outs for indicating important relationship between terms
free templates for other hexagonal thinking activities
This is an open-ended activity. There are no right or wrong answers. The students can come up with any arrangement of hexagons that makes sense to them, as long as they are able to explain their thinking and justify their choices by making logical and meaningful connections.
Instructions
Print out as many copies of the hexagonal thinking activity sheets as you need (students can work individually, in pairs or in groups)
Cut out the hexagons
Explain to the students that they need to arrange the hexagons in a meaningful manner to show the connections between the terms
Showcase some examples of finished hexagon networks to demonstrate what the final product should look like; there are no right or wrong answers, but the connections need to be meaningful and logical
Explain to the students that they need to choose three or six (as many as you want) connections which they will explain in more detail
Hand out the hexagons, arrows and explanation sheets
Monitor as your engaged students lead meaningful discussions, make connections and explain their thinking
After they’re finished, you can ask members of each group to present one or two of the connections they chose to explain in more detail
As an extension activity, you can ask students to engage in a class-wide discussion about the issue
This hexagonal thinking activity will help your students engage in meaningful discussions and think deeply about the main aspects of environment and environmental protection.
Hexagonal thinking is a strategy that helps students understand how different concepts are connected to each other.
It helps students think critically and analyze different aspects of a certain phenomenon or situation.
It can be used in a variety of different subjects to consolidate learning, foster higher level thinking skills and even assess what they have learned.
The resource includes:
hexagon cut-outs with terms related to the environment
instructions
reflection worksheets
arrow cut-outs for indicating important relationship between terms
free templates for other hexagonal thinking activities
This is an open-ended activity. There are no right or wrong answers. The students can come up with any arrangement of hexagons that makes sense to them, as long as they are able to explain their thinking and justify their choices by making logical and meaningful connections.
Instructions
Print out as many copies of the hexagonal thinking activity sheets as you need (students can work individually, in pairs or in groups)
Cut out the hexagons
Explain to the students that they need to arrange the hexagons in a meaningful manner to show the connections between the terms
Showcase some examples of finished hexagon networks to demonstrate what the final product should look like; there are no right or wrong answers, but the connections need to be meaningful and logical
Explain to the students that they need to choose three or six (as many as you want) connections which they will explain in more detail
Hand out the hexagons, arrows and explanation sheets
Monitor as your engaged students lead meaningful discussions, make connections and explain their thinking
After they’re finished, you can ask members of each group to present one or two of the connections they chose to explain in more detail
As an extension activity, you can ask students to engage in a class-wide discussion about the issue
This lesson is aimed at helping your** ESL students** learn and practice English vocabulary for describing statistical data, charts and trends.
The lesson includes:
an engaging video-based warm-up activity (What if the world was a village of only 100 people) - worksheet, short presentation, teacher’s notes
a presentation of words and phrases used for describing statistics
vocabulary worksheets
writing worksheets
listening and speaking worksheets
extension activities for fast finishers
an answer key
Do you teach upper intermediate or advanced ESL students who need help with more precise, high-level words for describing personality traits?
Look no further, this presentation has everything you need in a clear, easy-to-understand format.
The presentation contains 24 slides with more than 30 advanced adjectives for describing personality traits.
The slides provide:
the keyword
a clear, easy-to-understand definition of the adjective
two example sentences
In addition to slides that define the terms, there are also special slides that focus on common mistakes, related words, synonyms or antonyms.
Adjectives included in the presentation:
orderly, meticulous, conscientious, dependable, sensible, detached, considerate, determined, steadfast, empathetic, sympathetic, compassionate, observant, reticent, gregarious, ingenious, straightforward, tactful, versatile, assertive, resourceful, matter-of-fact, down-to-earth (+sociable, outgoing, extroverted, genial, affable, withdrawn, reserved, introverted, bashful, timid, sensitive, dedicated, committed, resolute)
The presentation is editable, so you can remove the adjectives you don’t need.
After you explain the adjectives and the students learn them, they can practice using the words with these engaging worksheets.
You can get both the presentation and the worksheets in this bundle.
These resources go great with my bundle for describing appearance!
If you like this product, please leave a review and follow my store.
This comprehensive 15-page crime resource pack filled with a variety of ready-to-use vocabulary, reading, speaking and writing activities givs your students the opportunity to practice crime vocabulary and express themselves creatively.
The resource pack consists of:
Crimes, verbs and criminals table
Reading: a newspaper article
Crime: vocabulary quiz
Crime: crossword
Crime: vocabulary practice
Crime discussion task cards
Murder mystery - a discussion activity
Extended reading: a crime story
Crimes, verbs and criminals table
Intended to be used with our Crime vocabulary presentation, but also available as an independent resource, this table helps students learn the words for the actions and criminals who commit a variety of different crimes.
Reading: a newspaper article
A reading comprehension exercise which focuses both on reading for gist and reading for detail helps your students practice their reading skills.
Crime: vocabulary quiz
The quiz consists of 37 multiple-choice questions that test how well students understand the terms learned in the unit.
Crime: crossword
The crossword with 18 clues related to crime vocabulary can be used to revise and practice the target vocabulary, with a special focus on spelling.
Crime: vocabulary practice
This fill-in-the gaps activity helps students practice the target vocabulary in context.
Crime discussion task cards
The task cards offer different crime-related scenarios, providing students with an ethical dilemma. Students need to engage in discussion and respond to the prompts on the cards, discussing the different aspects of each scenario. They will be asked to discuss various perspectives, explain the suitable punishments for each crime and talk about ways to prevent similar crimes.
Murder mystery - a discussion activity
This is an open-ended discussion activity aimed at providing an engaging platform for students to collaborate, practice target vocabulary and express their creativity.
Extended reading - a crime story
This is an extended reading activity. The crime story is written at a rather high level and enables students to engage with more complex vocabulary and structures.
A detailed answer key for all activities except the last three, which are open-ended, is included in the resource pack.
The resource pack also includes teacher’s instructions with suggestions on how to use each of the activities.
This resource goes great with my Crime vocabulary presentation. The words and expressions used in the worksheets and exercises match those taught in the presentation.
Using advanced words for describing how people look can be a challenge for ESL students. They often resort to familiar, but very simple words to describe appearance.
But now you have a ready-made solution to that problem!
To boost your learners’ vocabulary for describing appearance, use this bundle which contains revision and practice activities for a wide range of vocabulary for describing appearance, including facial features, skin, build, hair and hairstyles, clothes and accessories.
The bundle includes:
a presentation and matching cards game with high-quality photos that student can describe to practice the new vocabulary
a guessing game that will helps student practice target vocabulary, speaking and listening skills and grammar, all while having fun
The presentation
With excellent visuals and key words, this presentation will help your learners take that step forward and move away from simple, everyday vocabulary towards more nuanced and native-like expressions.
The game
This interactive game is an excellent way to combine vocabulary learning with practicing speaking and listening skills and grammar. The game is based on a ready-made inclusive presentation that presents high quality images of people from different backgrounds. Your students will ask and answer questions about the people in the photos, pay attention to even the slightest details and practice incorporating high-level, nuanced vocabulary into their everyday conversations and writing.
Finally, and perhaps most importantly, with this bundle, you will be able to teach about describing people with a resource that promotes diversity by including people of different races, religions, ages and abilities.
If you like this product, please leave a review and follow my store.
Find me on YouTube: EngliLearn Youtube channel
Find me on Pinterest: EngliLearn Pinterest
Do you teach upper intermediate or advanced ESL students who need help with more precise, high-level words for describing personality traits?
Look no further, this resource has everything you need in a clear, easy-to-understand format.
The resource consists of a presentation and the accompanying worksheet set.
PRESENTATION
The presentation contains 24 slides with more than 30 advanced adjectives for describing personality traits.
The slides provide:
the keyword
a clear, easy-to-understand definition of the adjective
two example sentences
In addition to slides that define the terms, there are also special slides that focus on common mistakes, related words, synonyms or antonyms.
WORKSHEET PACK
The worksheet pack includes:
2 sets of worksheets /a beautiful colorful one and a practical, printer-friendly black-and-white one/
the answer key
Adjectives included in the resource:
orderly, meticulous, conscientious, dependable, sensible, detached, considerate, determined, steadfast, empathetic, sympathetic, compassionate, observant, reticent, gregarious, ingenious, straightforward, tactful, versatile, assertive, resourceful, matter-of-fact, down-to-earth (+sociable, outgoing, extroverted, genial, affable, withdrawn, reserved, introverted, bashful, timid, sensitive, dedicated, committed, resolute)
These resources go great with my bundle for describing appearance!
If you need a practice activity for describing how people look with high-quality images that can be described using a wide range of vocabulary, look no further. This guessing game will keep the whole class engaged and active.
The game can be used to practice appearance vocabulary (including facial features, build, hair color and styles, jewelry, accessories, clothes) at any level, as well as simple grammar (Present Simple and Present Continuous). The students can practice statements, questions, negatives and short answers.
Guessing (twenty questions) game instructions:
Ask for a volunteer
Show the first slide with the pictures
The volunteer chooses one of the pictures on the slide without telling other students which picture he/she chose
Students ask yes/no questions to figure out which picture the volunteer chose (e.g. Is it a man or a woman? Does he have a beard? Does he have a mustache? Is he wearing glasses? Is he wearing a blue T-shirt)
The student who correctly guesses the picture gets to be the one who chooses the next picture.
After a few rounds, change the slide and repeat the procedure with the next slide.
Students need to actively listen to each other to reach the aim of the game.
They practice listening and speaking skills, grammar and vocabulary, all at once!
It’s suitable for older children, teenagers and adults. It can be used with any level, and the level of complexity of vocabulary will depend on you and your students.
The game can be played as a whole class or in pairs or groups.
No prep needed!
The presentation includes more than 80 high-quality images of people from all around the world. The pictures have been carefully chosen to include people from different walks of life and different cultures. They can be used to promote inclusivity and diversity, and you can develop valuable discussions around identity and the dangers of stereotyping.
Some ideas for extension activities:
After several students have taken their turn picking out one of the photos from a slide, before moving onto the next slide, you could have a short discussion about the people in the photos. For example, you could ask students whose style they like the most, who they identify the most with, who they would like to meet, what kinds of obstacles (or perks) people in the photos encounter due to their appearance…
For homework, students can be asked to write descriptions of one person from each slide.
You can ask students to write a diary entry from the daily routine of a person in the photo or have them make a social media profile for the person based on the photo. You or the students can easily find the blank templates for fake (educational) social media accounts online. You can ask the students to present the profiles in the next class.
If you purchase the game and your students enjoy it, please leave a review and follow my store.
Find me on YouTube: youtube.com/englilearn
How many times have you seen your students using the same commonly confused words wrongly? It can be so frustrating seeing them struggle with the same problem again and again. This resource, consisting of a well-structured presentation and engaging worksheets, helps your students finally understand the differences between tricky word pairs such as effect/affect, lie/lay and accept/except.
Key Features:
**Presentation Power:
The 50-slide presentation focuses on 10 commonly confused word pairs. It provides the spelling, part of speech, definition and examples of each word. The words are explained in pairs, enabling students to compare and contrast the words in each pair. This is followed by further examples that help students use the words in real-life contexts.
**Interactive Worksheets: **
Our worksheets encourage active learning and practice. Each word pair is explored through different exercises, allowing your students to apply their newfound knowledge and reinforce their understanding. From fill-in-the-blanks to creative sentence creation, these worksheets cater to diverse learning styles and abilities. They follow the presentation closely and can be used later as useful reference material for further practice and revision.
**Versatile Usage: **
Whether you’re an ELA or ESL educator, this resource is adaptable to both settings. Its comprehensive approach ensures that students of varying language proficiency levels can benefit from a stronger grasp of commonly confused words.
Word pairs included in this resource:
lay/lie, lose/loose, compliment/complement, advice/advise, stationary/stationery, allude/elude, accept/except, further/farther, affect/effect, and principle/principal.
These beautiful posters help your students finally understand the differences between tricky commonly confused word pairs such as effect/affect, lie/lay and accept/except.
Key Features:
The posters focus on 10 commonly confused word pairs. Each poster provides the spelling, part of speech, definition and examples of each word. The words are explained in pairs, enabling students to compare and contrast the words in each pair.
Versatile Usage: Whether you’re an ELA or ESL educator, this resource is adaptable to both settings. Its comprehensive approach ensures that students of varying language proficiency levels can benefit from a stronger grasp of commonly confused words.
Word pairs included in this resource:
lay/lie, lose/loose, compliment/complement, advice/advise, stationary/stationery, allude/elude, accept/except, further/farther, affect/effect, and principle/principal.
If your upper-intermediate or advanced ESL students are struggling to find the right words to describe their feelings and precisely express their emotions in speaking and writing, this presentation is just what you need!
With more than 40 words and definitions, this resource will help your students take their vocabulary to the next level. Rather than using simple and general words which bear little meaning (sad, angry, happy, surprised), students will learn how to express themselves with precision.
The words are divided into different categories, depending on the feeling they express.
But it doesn’t stop there!
To practice using the words in real-life conversations, all words are accompanied with varied and engaging conversation questions. These discussion starters will get your students talking and using the target vocabulary, as well as other words related to emotions.
Intermediate and upper-intermediate students often resort to simple vocabulary for describing people.
This presentation and matching card game will help them learn new vocabulary to describe people with easy and precision!
This fully editable no-prep activity includes high-quality photos of diverse people to engage students and help them improve their vocabulary and speaking skills-
Instructions:
Turn on the projector and you’re ready!
Show students the photo of a person and ask them to describe him/her using the vocabulary hey already know. Then show the next slide with the photo accompanied by new words and phrases. Elicit or explain the meaning of the phrases.
At the end, practice the vocabulary using the matching cards game or start over and have students describe people using the new words that they’ve learned.
Follow me for more high-quality ESL and ELA resources!
Find me on YouTube: youtube.com/englilearn
Do you teach upper intermediate or advanced ESL students who need help with practicing and revising more precise, high-level words for describing personality traits?
Look no further, these worksheets have everything you need in a clear, easy-to-understand format.
The pack includes:
2 sets of worksheets /a beautiful colorful one and a practical, printer-friendly black-and-white one/
the answer key
Adjectives included in the worksheets:
orderly, meticulous, conscientious, dependable, sensible, detached, considerate, determined, steadfast, empathetic, sympathetic, compassionate, observant, reticent, gregarious, ingenious, straightforward, tactful, versatile, assertive, resourceful, matter-of-fact, down-to-earth (+sociable, outgoing, extroverted, genial, affable, withdrawn, reserved, introverted, bashful, timid, sensitive, dedicated, committed, resolute)
Before practicing the adjectives, you can help the students learn them all using this fantastic presentation.
You can get both the presentation and the worksheets in this bundle.
These resources go great with my bundle for describing appearance!
You can check out all my ESL resources here.
If you like this product, please leave a review and follow my store.
This 40-slide presentation delves into more than 100 essential upper-intermediate crime-related words and expressions, empowering your students to communicate confidently and accurately while discussing the topic of crime in English.
The presentation consists of three parts:
Crime vocabulary
Punishment vocabulary
Other-crime related words
Each crime vocabulary slide contains:
an image related to the crime
the word and definition
verb and/or criminal related to the crime
The words and expressions included in the presentation:
Crime vocabulary:
abduction/kidnapping, arson, assault, blackmail, burglary, corruption, embezzlement, extortion, forgery, fraud, hijacking, mugging, money laundering, murder, perjury, pickpocketing, robbery, shoplifting, slander, smuggling, theft
Punishment vocabulary:
capital punishment/death penalty, community service, corporal punishment, fine, prison sentence/imprisonment/incarceration, life sentence, suspended sentence, parole, probation, solitary confinement
Other words related to crime:
trial, judge, jury, witness, defendant, plaintiff, perpetrator, suspect, attorney, defense lawyer, prosecutor, testimony, bail, verdict, extenuating circumstances, be charged with, be placed in custody, be found guilty, be convicted of, be sentenced to
After finishing the presentation, have your students practice these expression with a variety of vocabulary, reading, speaking and writing activities included in this crime resource pack.
This bundle includes my crime presentation and resource pack, providing you with everything you need to help your upper intermediate ESL students learn about crime vocabulary. Various vocabulary, reading, writing and speaking activities enable students to use their knowledge to discuss and write about crime in a meaningful and engaging way.
Included in this resource:
**CRIME VOCABULARY PRESENTATION
**
This 40-slide presentation delves into more than 100 essential upper-intermediate crime-related words and expressions, empowering your students to communicate confidently and accurately while discussing the topic of crime in English.
The presentation consists of three parts:
Crime vocabulary
Punishment vocabulary
Other-crime related words
Each crime vocabulary slide contains:
an image related to the crime
the word and definition
verb and/or criminal related to the crime
The words and expressions included in the presentation:
Crime vocabulary:
abduction/kidnapping, arson, assault, blackmail, burglary, corruption, embezzlement, extortion, forgery, fraud, hijacking, mugging, money laundering, murder, perjury, pickpocketing, robbery, shoplifting, slander, smuggling, theft
Punishment vocabulary:
capital punishment/death penalty, community service, corporal punishment, fine, prison sentence/imprisonment/incarceration, life sentence, suspended sentence, parole, probation, solitary confinement
Other words related to crime:
trial, judge, jury, witness, defendant, plaintiff, perpetrator, suspect, attorney, defense lawyer, prosecutor, testimony, bail, verdict, extenuating circumstances, be charged with, be placed in custody, be found guilty, be convicted of, be sentenced to
**CRIME RESOURCE PACK
**
This comprehensive 15-page crime resource pack filled with a variety of ready-to-use vocabulary, reading, speaking and writing activities givs your students the opportunity to practice crime vocabulary and express themselves creatively.
The resource pack consists of:
Crimes, verbs and criminals table
Reading: a newspaper article
Crime: vocabulary quiz
Crime: crossword
Crime: vocabulary practice
Crime discussion task cards
Murder mystery - a discussion activity
Extended reading: a crime story
**Crimes, verbs and criminals table
**
Intended to be used with our Crime vocabulary presentation, but also available as an independent resource, this table helps students learn the words for the actions and criminals who commit a variety of different crimes.
**Reading: a newspaper article
**
A reading comprehension exercise which focuses both on reading for gist and reading for detail helps your students practice their reading skills.
**Crime: vocabulary quiz
**
The quiz consists of 37 multiple-choice questions that test how well students understand the terms learned in the unit.
**Crime: crossword
**
The crossword with 18 clues related to crime vocabulary can be used to revise and practice the target vocabulary, with a special focus on spelling.
**Crime: vocabulary practice
**
This fill-in-the gaps activity helps students practice the target vocabulary in context.
**Crime discussion task cards
**
The task cards offer different crime-related scenarios, providing students with an ethical dilemma. Students need to engage in discussion and respond to the prompts on the cards, discussing the different aspects of each scenario. They will be asked to discuss various perspectives, explain the suitable punishments for each crime and talk about ways to prevent similar crimes.
**Murder mystery - a discussion activity
**
This is an open-ended discussion activity aimed at providing an engaging platform for students to collaborate, practice target vocabulary and express their creativity.
**Extended reading - a crime story
**
This is an extended reading activity. The crime story is written at a rather high level and enables students to engage with more complex vocabulary and structures.
A detailed **answer key **for all activities except the last three, which are open-ended, is included in the resource pack.
The resource pack also includes **teacher’s instructions **with suggestions on how to use each of the activities.
This resource focuses on vocabulary for upper intermediate students related to traffic problems and issues that drivers can face on dangerous roads.
The lesson is based on the ‘10 roads you would never want to drive on’ video which can be found at this link.
The video is rich in advanced vocabulary related to traffic and traffic problems and is excellent for listening comprehension.
Instructions:
The students watch the video and fill in the worksheet in which they list the problems on each of the roads mentioned in the video
The teacher goes over the results with the students
Based on that listening exercise, the students guess the meaning of the key words from the video (this can be done in pairs or individually)
The teacher shows the presentation with images and definitions of the key vocabulary
Extension activity: Students practice the words using the matching cards included in the resource pack
Resources included:
Listening comprehension worksheet
Vocabulary guessing worksheet
Answer key for both worksheets
Presentation with high-quality images and clear definitions
BONUS file: FREE matching cards
The resource focuses on the following words and expressions:
stretch of road, tide, route, vanish, mistime, slippery, elevation, pothole, twists and turns, pedestrian, guardrail/safety barrier, remote, breakdown, headlights, fatal, head-on collision, erosion, landslide, narrow, blind corner, plummet, infamous, hairpin turns, desolate, featureless, paved, blizzard, altitude, impassable, four-wheel drive